One scientist, working on a state-sponsored grant, asked Anthropic's Claude to help study chikungunya — a mosquito-borne virus that can leave its victims in debilitating pain for months. The request might have seemed routine. It was not. Anthropic could see that the intended research site was a military institute, and the company banned the account.
That single case sits at the centre of a 154-page threat intelligence report that Anthropic published on Thursday, and it illustrates a problem that is rapidly moving from theoretical to urgent. The report documents what the company describes as the "most notable and novel" misuse of its AI models to date. The cases span several continents and a disturbing range of ambitions. Russian-linked actors used Claude to support espionage and cyberhacking operations.
A China-based surveillance programme reportedly targeted Uyghurs living in Syria, while a separate operation monitored internal dissidents. Propaganda campaigns were identified in Russia, Malaysia, Iran and Bangladesh. In Yemen, China and Russia, users attempted to use the model to develop software for firearms, missiles, armed drones and bombs. Five separate case studies involved scientists who deliberately concealed the nature of their biological research to bypass Anthropic's safeguards — researchers whose accounts were subsequently banned.