Nobel laureate Dmitry Muratov warns that 1,500 people are now imprisoned in Russia for opposing the war — three times more than during the Soviet era.
At least 1,500 people are currently behind bars in Russia for speaking out against the war in Ukraine. That number, cited by Novaya Gazeta editor and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Dmitry Muratov, is three times higher than the estimated number of political prisoners held during the harshest years of the Soviet KGB. The comparison is devastating: when dissident Andrei Sakharov delivered his 1975 Nobel lecture, he could name roughly 120 political prisoners. By the mid-1980s, Amnesty International put the Soviet figure at around 600.
Russia in 2025 has surpassed both counts by a wide margin. The crackdown has swallowed institutions as well as individuals. Novaya Gazeta — one of Russia's last independent newspapers — had its printing presses seized by government decree and its registration cancelled. Its website is blocked inside Russia; readers must use a VPN or access it from abroad.
Hundreds of journalists, activists and public figures have been formally labelled "foreign agents," "extremists," or "terrorists" by the Kremlin. Most opinion leaders, Muratov says, now carry at least one of those labels. Yet the war that triggered this repression shows no sign of ending on Kremlin terms. What Putin's government predicted in early 2022 would be a swift, successful operation has become the bloodiest conflict on European soil since 1945.