Modal hedging & inference — When a Expert Doubted Himself
Grammar: Modal Verbs
Free ESL grammar exercise on modal hedging & inference themed around when a expert doubted himself. Printable worksheet from EnglishPlans.com.
What's on this worksheet
A Business English ESL grammar exercise on psychology, practising modal verbs. The worksheet has a short reading excerpt, a grammar reference and graded practice items.
From the reading
His research with Amos Tversky introduced System 1 and System 2 thinking. An investment analyst who has spent twenty years reading markets may rely entirely on gut instinct while believing he is engaging in rigorous analysis.
Grammar: Modal Verbs
- Hedging with
- This could suggest that confidence is unreliable. — softer claim, invites discussion
- Cautious inference
- The analyst may not have engaged System 2 at all. — uncertainty about what happened
Sample items
- The analyst's forecast ______ have been distorted by the anchoring effect.
- A pre-mortem process ______ reduce the impact of overconfidence at board level.
- Her certainty ______ indicate that she has not considered the full range of outcomes.
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