Hedging & Discourse Markers

Article excerpt · target grammar marked

What all four writers agree on is that the discomfort is almost always worse than the conversation. Austin-Williams recommends raising money limits before dinner — I've got about thirty for tonight — so nobody is ambushed by the bill.

Grammar Reference · Hedging & Discourse Markers

Attribution hedge

Use it turns out or as X puts it to attribute a claim carefully without fully owning it.

Fronted nominal clause

What all four writers agree on is that silence costs more than the conversation. — emphasis through fronting

Degree qualifier

This is almost always worse than the conversation. — qualifies without withdrawing the claim

Common error

She recommends to raise it early. ✗ → She recommends raising it early. ✓ — verb + gerund

01Exercise 1 — Form · Write the Correct Form

Hedging & Discourse Markers

1.She never tips, and , that tells you something about how she thinks about fairness.

2. everyone understands, the round system is a contract nobody signed.

3.The discomfort is always worse than the actual conversation.

4.She recommends the budget before dinner rather than after.

5.The deeper point, , is that silence delays rather than prevents conflict.

6.Larsgaard draws between being frugal and being cheap.

02Exercise 2 — Transform

rewrite with the new structure

1.She is certain that silence causes more problems than honesty.

2.Everyone agrees that tipping is non-negotiable.

3.He thinks the round system is unfair.

4.She recommends to speak up before dinner, not after.

03Exercise 3 — About You

in your notebook

Personalise: complete five sentences about yourself using the target grammar.

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