Advanced Passive Reporting

Article excerpt · target grammar marked

"It had been established, more or less, since the 1950s." A spiral-shaped bacterium was isolated repeatedly from the stomach lining of ulcer patients.

Grammar Reference · Advanced Passive Reporting

Passive reporting:

It has been established that the bacterium causes ulcers. — current accepted fact, agent unknown or irrelevant

Passive reporting:

It was subsequently shown that the mice were incompatible. — marks a later step in a chronological chain

Complex passive

The compound has since been found to inhibit the stomach lining. — finding + effect in one construction

Common error

It has established that stress causes ulcers. ✗ → It has been established that... ✓ — passive needs been

01Exercise 1 — Form · Write the Correct Form

Advanced Passive Reporting

1.It that moderate exercise reduces the risk of heart disease significantly.

2.The new molecule to reduce inflammation in early-stage trials.

3.It that the original sample had been contaminated before testing began.

4.The bacteria from soil samples collected at three different sites in Kenya.

5.It that the delay in approving the drug cost the programme five years.

6.Warren discovering the role of H. pylori in gastric disease.

02Exercise 2 — Transform

rewrite with the new structure

1.Scientists have now confirmed that the vaccine prevents transmission.

2.Researchers discovered that the compound damages nerve cells.

3.Experts believe the bacterium colonises the stomach within hours.

4.Scientists later showed that the original hypothesis had been incorrect.

5.They have since found that the drug inhibits tumour growth.

6.People credit Marshall with changing the direction of gastroenterology.

03Exercise 3 — About You

in your notebook

Personalise: complete five sentences about yourself using the target grammar.

Advanced Passive Reporting01EnglishPlans.com