Hedging & Speculation

Article excerpt · target grammar marked

Harris warned that by 2050, Ireland's age profile will resemble Italy's or Japan's today. He argued the economy is likely to become more diversified, but that a single policy shift in Washington could reshape finances overnight.

Grammar Reference · Hedging & Speculation

will — firm prediction

Use will for confident forecasts. By 2050, growth will be lower. Strong commitment to a future state.

would — conditional

Use would for hypothetical outcomes. A policy shift would reshape finances overnight. Depends on an implied condition.

is likely to — hedged

Use is likely to to signal probability without full commitment. The economy is likely to diversify.

may / could —

Use may or could for open possibilities. Higher taxes may penalise households. Avoids over-commitment.

01Exercise 1 — Form · Write the Correct Form

Hedging & Speculation

1.Ireland continue investing in its sovereign wealth fund to prepare for an ageing population.

2.By 2050, the burden on working taxpayers be significantly heavier than it is today.

3.A shift in US trade policy affect Ireland's corporation tax revenues almost immediately.

4.The Irish economy diversify away from its dependence on a few key multinationals.

5.Without fundamental infrastructure reform, the capital spending commitment fail to deliver value.

6.Scrapping the carbon tax reduce the cost-of-living burden on lower-income households, critics argue.

02Exercise 2 — Transform

rewrite with the new structure

1.It is certain that costs will be higher by 2050.

2.There is a possibility that the carbon tax penalises low-income households.

3.If Washington changes its policy, Ireland's finances will change overnight.

4.It is almost certain that Ireland will need greater economic diversification.

5.There is a chance that opposition parties will unite against the budget.

03Exercise 3 — About You

in your notebook

Personalise: complete five sentences about yourself using the target grammar.

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