-ing / -ed adjectives

Article excerpt · target grammar marked

For many users, this feels exciting. In 2023, Nigerian artist Rema described the moment as overwhelming. Music critics say they feel frustrated by a system that rewards engagement over artistry.

Grammar Reference · -ing / -ed adjectives

-ing adjective

Use -ing to describe what something does to people. The concert was exhausting. The thing causes the feeling in others.

-ed adjective

Use -ed to describe how a person feels. She was exhausted after the concert. The person receives the feeling.

Common confusion

Both can come before a noun. An exciting match. vs An excited crowd. Ask: does the noun cause or feel?

Common error

I was boring at the party. ✗ → I was bored. ✓ You felt the boredom — you did not cause it.

01Exercise 1 — Form · Write the Correct Form

-ing / -ed adjectives

1.The documentary about streaming was so that nobody left before the end.

2.After three hours of research, the journalist felt completely .

3.Many fans found Rema's rapid rise — they had never seen it happen so fast.

4.Imogen Heap was deeply by the lack of change in how royalties are paid.

5.The algorithm's ability to reach listeners in 183 countries is .

6.Some listeners feel when they realise a machine chose all their music.

02Exercise 2 — Transform

rewrite with the new structure

1.The results surprised everyone in the meeting.

2.The new feature bores many older users.

3.The concert exhausted the band completely.

4.The news confused listeners around the world.

5.The algorithm's speed impresses most engineers.

6.The documentary fascinated critics and audiences alike.

03Exercise 3 — About You

in your notebook

Personalise: complete five sentences about yourself using the target grammar.

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