Non-defining rel. clauses

Article excerpt · target grammar marked

After moving to Birmingham, which became her base for the campaign she would lead through the Malala Fund, she and her team began assessing progress in the countries with the widest attainment gaps.

Grammar Reference · Non-defining rel. clauses

which — whole clause

She left Mingora, which meant the campaign moved abroad. — which refers to the whole preceding idea

where — place

She grew up in Mingora, where her father ran a school. — adds place detail, never changes the main meaning

when — time

In 2013, when she spoke at the UN, Malala was sixteen. — adds time context after a noun or year

Common error

She moved to Birmingham, that became her base. ✗ → ..., which became her base. ✓ — never that in non-defining clauses

01Exercise 1 — Form · Write the Correct Form

Non-defining rel. clauses

1.The Malala Fund, was founded in 2013, campaigns for girls' access to schooling worldwide.

2.She grew up in Mingora, her father had opened a small school despite fierce opposition.

3.In 2012, she was shot on a school bus, Malala was only fifteen years old.

4.Her father encouraged her to speak out, gave her the confidence to face opposition publicly.

5.She moved to Birmingham, her family settled while she continued her education.

6.Malala won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014, made her the youngest laureate in its history.

02Exercise 2 — Find and Correct the Error

find the error · rewrite the sentence

1.She spoke at the United Nations, that was an extraordinary moment for any teenager.

2.Her campaign began in Swat Valley where it was considered dangerous for girls to attend school.

3.The literacy rate in her region had dropped sharply, which it alarmed education experts.

4.In 2015 when she visited Nigeria she met families whose daughters had never been to school.

03Exercise 3 — About You

in your notebook

Personalise: complete five sentences about yourself using the target grammar.

Non-defining rel. clauses01EnglishPlans.com